00:15 13/07/2019
2499
Елена Слободян
Категория:
ЖКХ
Ответ редакции
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Правительство России ввело эталонный принцип формирования тарифов для ряда организаций, оказывающих услуги по водоснабжению и водоотведению. Как говорится в постановлении Кабмина, данная мера затронет организации, владеющие небольшими участками водопроводных или канализационных сетей (протяженностью до 10 км).
Вопрос-ответ
Каких услуг могут лишить за долги по ЖКХ?
Новый принцип формирования тарифов решили ввести с целью снижения роста тарифов для конечных потребителей. Сейчас для сетей, владеющих участками не более 10 километров длиной, при установлении тарифов применяется метод экономически обоснованных расходов. Но высокая себестоимость и небольшие объемы оказываемых такими компаниями услуг приводят к росту тарифов для конечных потребителей и росту платежей за коммунальные услуги. Как утверждают в правительстве, новые правила помогут снизить стоимость услуг водоснабжения и водоотведения для населения и других конечных потребителей, которые пользуются услугами подобных организаций.
Новые правила определения тарифов будут применяться уже начиная с 2020 года.
Что означает эталонный принцип начисления тарифов?
При установлении тарифов для оказывающих услуги организаций в обязательном порядке будет применяться метод сравнения аналогов — эталонов затрат. Регулирующий орган при утверждении тарифов сможет сравнивать деятельность отдельных компаний с аналогами из других регионов. Сейчас компании по водоснабжению в различных регионах имеют разные тарифы на единицу обслуживания. Предполагается, что новый подход даст возможность устанавливать «эталонный» минимум, благодаря которому тарифное регулирование станет более прозрачным и понятным, а сами компании благодаря этому получат стимулы повышать свою эффективность и возможности для оптимизации затрат.
Статья по теме
Развод на «коммуналке». Каких услуг не должно быть в платежке за ЖКХ
Однако, по словам исполнительного директора Ассоциации водоснабжения и водоотведения (РАВВ) Елены Довлатовой, главной проблемой такого подхода являются существенные различия водоканалов, пока вызывает большие вопросы и то, как надо выстраивать эталон. «Водоканалы на самом деле очень существенно различаются, хотя бы по той простой причине, что у них разные источники водозабора. У кого-то подземные, у кого-то поверхностные. Качество воды, естественно, различается очень сильно. И чем хуже вода, тем больше электроэнергии и затрат нужно вкладывать, — объясняет она. — С нашей точки зрения, если в основе — эксплуатация и точные нормативы эксплуатации, то, наверное, тогда о чем-то можно говорить».
Довлатова считает, что метод экономически обоснованных расходов при определении тарифов также имеет свои недостатки. По ее словам, большего эффекта можно достичь за счет субсидирования малоимущих, а не сменой принципа формирования тарифов.
Для каких еще тарифов хотят применять эталонный принцип?
Эталонный принцип формирования тарифов Федеральная антимонопольная служба (ФАС) России предложила применять с 2021 года для производителей электроэнергии. Как говорится в сообщении ФАС, с июля 2018 года тарифы с применением этого механизма начали применять для энергосбытовых компаний. К 2021 году эталонный принцип заработает и для производителей электроэнергии. А летом 2019 года регионы могут перейти на эталонные тарифы в сетевом комплексе. Поручения, направленные на совершенствование тарифного регулирования в энергетике и ЖКХ, в августе прошлого года дал Владимир Путин. Глава государства поручил правительству ввести не только эталонный принцип формирования тарифов, но и долгосрочные тарифы на пять — десять лет, а также ограничить возможность регионам поднимать тарифы для граждан выше установленного уровня без согласования с ФАС.
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